Discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Discussion questions - Essay Example Companies allow â€Å"good debtors† to make purchases without necessarily making the payment upfront. The money that the company expects to receive from the debtors after the agreed period is the trade receivable. Receivables are from frequent and ‘good’ customers who are periodically invoiced. An IOU is given to the company by the purchaser for services already rendered or goods already received (Warren, Reeve & Duchac, 2012). When the vice president of operations for Billings National Bank (Tricia Fenton) decided that the bank should use a 365-day year to compute interest on depository accounts (payables), she was being ethical. Therefore, the decision to use a 360-day year to compute interest on loans (receivables) was not professional. A financial year has 365 days; hence, all interests should be calculated based on that period. A 360-day year will reduce the receivables. When receivables reduce, it shows that the company is collecting its debts promptly. However, this is not the case. Tricia Fenton’s aim might be to impress her superiors while in the real sense; the company is facing challenges in collecting debts (Warren, Reeve & Duchac, 2012). Depreciation refers to the loss in asset value due to old age, wear and tear, obsolescence or adverse market conditions. It is crucial to note that land and buildings are the major assets that do not depreciate; instead, their value increases. Depreciation can be regarded as a non cash expense, which increases a company’s cash flow and reduces its reported earnings. For the purposes of financial reporting, businesses use different methods of depreciation. The depreciation method, which a company opts to use while calculating depreciation for all its depreciable assets, may differ from the one it uses for financial statement purposes and for the purposes of determining income taxes. This is due to the varying incentives in hand (Warren,

Learning outcome Essay Example for Free

Learning outcome Essay Understand diversity, equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility 1.1.1There are two models that link with equality, diversity and inclusion, the first one is the social model of disability which views discrimination and prejudice as being embedded in today’s society, their attitude’s and their surrounding environment. The social model focuses on who the adult is as person not what their disability or diagnosis is, the focus is on how to improve and empower the individual’s life and lead a more independent life as possible. The second model is the medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some way, this model focuses on impairments that the adult has and finding and acknowledging ways to correct them. The client group at my current place of work are adults with mild learning disability and some of the residents have a dual diagnosis of mental health issues as well. Both the social and medical model has an impact on their daily life. The companys’s ethos is to empower the residents and in able them to lead a normal life as possible. This is done by providing and engaging them in their own individualised person centred plans and asking their opinions on what they like how they like it etc. allowing them to make informed choices for them self and whether they have the capacity to make these decisions. 1.2 Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility The potential effects that the residents will experience in this care setting are prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice happens when society lacks education and the understanding of different cultures and how society looks at it. Prejudice begins by making assumptions of a certain client group i.e. people with learning disability and mental health issues are put into a certain box. 3.1 Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion †¢The Equality Act is a legislation that is in place to ensure that people are given equal rights and opportunities regardless of their age, gender, disability, race,religion or belief and sexual orientation. This legislation promotes diversity, equality and inclusion by making it a requirement that they are commonly practiced and incorporated into the health and social care setting, making it illegal to discriminate against a person/or persons for any reason. The main Acts incorporated into the Equality Act 2010 are; †¢ The Care Quality Commission †¢ The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 †¢ Human Rights Act 1998 †¢ The Equal Pay Act 1970 †¢ The Sex Discrimination Act 1999 †¢ The Race Relations Act 2003 If these code’s of practice and legislations where not to be followed the consequences can be diverse. They can effect just one individual or can effect an entire team of social care workers. By not following the codes of practice and the legislation you could cause a service user to feel discriminated against which would have negative effects such as making them feel isolated or un-heard and could lead to more problems that would effect the people around them as well as the individual . By not using inclusive practice you may find that the service user might be put in a situation in which they are not happy which could make them act out in a way that could effect their future and how other team members interact with them. †¢ [The service has a low number of service users from other black and cultural backgrounds †¢There are few staff members from black and cultural backgrounds (I have recently recruited a female member of staff who originates from Ghana ) †¢Some service users display prejudice by refusing support from a balck worker †¢Waiting for a disabled woman to be clear through the CRB process to become a volunteer focusing on media and creative writing. †¢Decision making processes for service users through the person centred plans which for some of the people in the service I manage still are powerless as staff determine outcomes for the person especially for people with limited communication. There are a number of people who are institutionalised and because they are older this is unlikely to change. †¢Staff attitudes towards women for example saying â€Å"Hey girl† I respond to this by saying my name is Alison and I manage the service. I feel there islittle respect of people’s positions within the organisation. There needs to be teaching of prof essionalism staff using appropriate language when in the work place. I feel undermined as a woman †¢Work policy systems for discrimination †¢Simple changes as everyone using the same mugs and staff having drinks at the same time as people who use the service. †¢Equality Act 2010 is the law that bands unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the work place and wider society. †¢Promote – cultural diversity social work student on 9 week placement from the Check Republic unable spend quality time with her to discuss how the service †¢Ankar Hindu temple celebration of their 8 night festival †¢Health wellbeing day promotion of healthy Asian finger foods for many people who attended the day this was a new experience including myself. 3.2 †¢it is important to promote equality and explain without causing offence why some practices are unacceptable â€Å"The key anti-oppressive component of personal ands social history discussed in chapter one understanding and valuing the cultural and spiritual heritage of families and communities within which individuals are situated, but recognising the continually changing dynamics of that experience.† (Burke, Clifford 2009:11) Anti-Oppressive ethics and values in Social Work Derek Clifford and Beverley Burke †¢Creating an environment to learn through music and singing for example gospel choir. †¢The organisation is predominately white with its origins from the Christian Brothers established in Belgium. Their principles for caring for orphaned children and children with disabilities. †¢As a manager it is important to ensure that people are given the opportunity to make informed decisions Burke, B. Clifford, C. (2009) Anti-Oppressive Ethics and Values in Social Work, Palgrave Macmillan 3.3 †¢Organise different cultural days /celebrations †¢Recruit more volunteers from cultural background †¢Out reach work with other cultures and religions allowing people to gain insight into how other people live. 4 Be able to manage the risks presented when balancing individual rights and professional duty of care. 4.1 The people I am responsible for have varying degrees of learning disabilities therefore their level of understanding in some cases is limited owing to their life experiences. †¢The majority of people have never had the opportunity to make informed decisions. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 states that you can make decisions acting in persons best interests. †¢Duty of care ensuring a person is not put at risk and keeping people safe. It is difficult for some staff to understand the power they hold and †¢don’t always make the best decision for the person. 4.2 †¢Informed choice this is giving people the appropriate information to make a decision. †¢It has to be in a format that the person understands such as easy read pictorial as most people who I support have limited literacy skills. Using pictures are and basic sign language can help. †¢Service user group meets monthly chaired by the people who use the service to discuss what happens in the service 4.3 †¢Individual capacity is based on a persons IQ and socialisation from childhood to adulthood most behaviour’s are learned. The people I support in most cases have been with the organisation since childhood there fore are institutionalised so decision making is very difficult for them. It is almost subservient wanting to please the member of staff by agreeing through repeating what the staff member had said. You could argue that the people we support are conditioned to give their personal power away to staff. There are minority of staff who say they acting in the person’s best interests but are actually exploiting their power. 4.4 Propose a strategy to manage risks †¢Financial policy when handling peoples personal monies ensuring they are supported to handle their own money to the best of their ability. †¢Assess the persons capacity level of understanding †¢Work on a life skill guiding the person through decision making stages †¢Write a risk assessment for each activity undertaken. †¢Travelling alone in taxis ring the person’s home first to check support staff are there. Ring for taxi. Support person into the taxi give taxi information on whether the person can talk confirm address and that a member of staff will meet the person at the final destination and pay. \r\ing person’s home to inform they have left in the taxi give the taxi company details, description of driver and car.

Essays --

As a growing phenomenon Word of Mouth has evolved as one of the most influential source of marketing. Word of mouth can simply be defined as any business action that earns a customer recommendation, it’s what companies use to gain a sense of interest by a consumer that cause them to experience and share. Word of mouth builds brands, increases sales, and builds conversations both consumer to consumer and consumer to brand. It is believed that the power of Word of mouth would only increase in the coming years as people become more interconnected through social media. Word of mouth relies fundamentally on people trusting you, as a medium of Word of Mouth, it’s basically about real people and when real people trust you and they love what you do, they are going to tell their friends. Delivering the best product in a category, providing great customer experience, and rewarding customer loyalty are all business actions that earns customer recommendations. Recommendations are important to marketers, because when a recommendation is earned it indicates preference from a customer, leads to purchase and a strong probability that the customer will tell others through word of mouth. The most effective word of mouth marketing follows five principals which are Credible, respectful, social, measurable and repeatable. Credible word of mouth is honest and authentic messages from brand to customers and from customers to customers. Respectable word of mouth is responsible and trustworthy behavior as it relates to privacy matters between brand and their consumers. Social word of mouth involves brand listening, participating, responding and engaging in conversations online and offline. Measurable word of mouth is the ability to evaluate, monitor and ... ...n an easy disclosure you’re basically free and clear. So how does a company go about building a kind of trust that would make Word of Mouth work well? First and foremost it depends on the company is the basic answer but this does require a couple fundamental and philosophical changes in how a company runs its business. They have to first stop doing things which are deceptive, treat customers well, realize that customer service is not an expense item and that customer service is the core of their Word of Mouth engine. Companies need to rethink why customers buy from them, which is simply because they are liked and so are their products. Being remarkable and earning respect is not achieved by making a bigger bottle, having a super sale or investing in a super bowl ad but to just gain a character that consumers adore and would like to tell the world about.

Changes That Have Occurred To The National Curriculum Education Essay

‘Since the debut of the National Curriculum in 1992, a figure of alterations have been made to its construction and execution. Identify and explicate these alterations and measure the part of the National Curriculum in the attempt to raise criterions in Education ‘ . By Keith Lyons This essay will depict, place and explicate the alterations that have occurred to the ‘National Curriculum ‘ ( NC ) since its construct in 1992. It will besides measure these alterations and measure the benefits and troubles that it has experienced since 1992. The ‘Education Reform Act ‘ ( ERA ) came into consequence in 1988, this enabled Kenneth Baker the Conservative Minister of Education to implement the roll-out of the National Curriculum in 1992 within primary / secondary instruction. However, prior to 1992 there had been no National Curriculum and antecedently instructors had worked out their ain strategies of work that they deemed appropriate for their students. As a consequence of this the criterion of instruction across the state varied well and the methods employed to learn were wide-ranging. With the execution of the National Curriculum in 1992, duty was shifted off from instructors to centralized authorities over what was to be taught. The National Curriculum established a ‘set-framework ‘ of larning to enable kids to travel freely between schools as they would be larning from the same model. The National Curriculum ensured that schools taught a certain scope of topics, this consisted of 10 topics. The topics were divided into two sub-categories ( nucleus and foundation ) . The three chief nucleus topics were English, Maths and Science, and together with seven other foundation topics ( Art, Home Economics. Music, History, a Modern Foreign Language ( merely compulsory in secondary schools ) , Geography and Physical Education created the foundation of the National Curriculum. Compulsory National trials ( SATS ) were introduced at 7, 11 and 14 on nucleus topics. The consequences are published yearly in conference tabular arraies ( along with GCSE/A degrees and hooky statistics ) . Changes occurred to the National Curriculum from its origin. Rather than being embraced the National Curriculum was met with ill will from some instructors and most of the larger instructors brotherhoods. One of the chief unfavorable judgments of the National Curriculum by instructors and learning brotherhoods was that at first glimpse that it contained far excessively many topics and was considered to be excessively stiff, compared to what was antecedently taught. This meant that it was hard to learn the topic good as the pupils had to larn so many topics, and they presumed that it would be really hard for pupils. The National Curriculum was besides criticized for being highly ‘Eurocentric ‘ , as it was chiefly focused around European civilization, giving those from cultural backgrounds really small chance to larn about their roots. Certain subdivisions of the populace besides argued that the authorities deliberately fashioned the National Curriculum to take topics which they as a political party are against for political grounds, such as sociology, political relations, and environmental scientific disciplines ( they were ne'er contained in the National Curriculum ) . However, a benefit to the National Curriculum was that instructors now had to educate pupils in a scope of topics. This gave kids / pupils a better start for the accomplishments they would necessitate for subsequently in life. It was besides disputed that the national Curriculum helped to cut down the division of misss and boys topics, as both sexes were taught the same topics. This helped to cut down the stereotyping of gender. In 1993, instructors decided to boycott the national course of study proving agreements ( SATS ) after kicking about the work load. The Secretary of State for Education, in a move in the right way asked Sir Ron Dearing, who was the current Chairman of the School Curriculum and Assessment AuthorityHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bookrags.com/tandf/school-curriculum-and-assessment-tf # p2000a9f68830215001 † ( SCAA ) , to reexamine the national course of study. Dearing made an Interim Report in 1993 and a Final Report in 1994 ( The Dearing Report ) after a period of audience with instructors and the instructors brotherhoods. In his study his recommended on slimming down the course of study, and bettering its disposal. He besides recommended that the slimmed down national course of study should non be altered for five old ages and that national trials should be simplified without giving cogency or dependability. The revised course of study was implemented from August 1995. The 1992, Ofsted ( The Office for Standards in Education ) formed as portion of the major inspection and repair and centralization of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extended testing in schools and the publication of conference tabular arraies. Ofsted reviews were carried out on school every 6 old ages. This alteration was introduced as it was believed criterions needed to be raised in schools. Many people thought Ofsted reviews were a good thought, if schools were neglecting, it was noticed and steps were put in topographic point in order to better these schools. However, Ofsted were besides frequently seen to be excessively rigorous on schools, doing it hard for schools to go through review extremely. Besides, it was felt that many instructors and schools would better their instruction criterions while they were being inspected. Some schools would besides direct some of their worst behaved pupils on school trips for the reviews. This defeated the object of Ofsted reviews as it was n't the normal instruction criterions that were being tested. Recent reviews by Ofsted have revealed that although a good proportion of schools had improved since they were last checkered many were calming weakness. Figures released by Ofsted in 2009 show that 11 % of schools checked since last September were rated outstanding, while 9 % were non up to rub. [ Angela Harrison, BBC ] In the twelvemonth 2006-07, 14 % of those checked were outstanding and 6 % were â€Å" unequal † . [ Angela Harrison, BBC ] In 1997, the incoming ‘The New Labour Government ‘ came into power in the UK. They Introduced the National Literacy Strategy to all Primary Schools in England from September 1998 after puting marks for students at Key Stage 2 in English ( 80 % ) , Mathematics ( 75 ) , but non in Science. Previously a pilot undertaking had been tested during 1996, which involved schools in 14 Local Education Authorities. The scheme was planned for instructors to learn a day-to-day Literacy Hour, which followed a form of 30 proceedingss whole category instruction, so group work and reasoning with a plenary session. A figure of paperss have been published by the Department for Education and Employment ( DfEE ) to assist instructors raise criterions in literacy at the clip. The National Literacy Strategy model endeavoured to better criterions for all primary aged students. The scheme ‘s intent was to do certain that all students were having on a day-to-day footing dedicated one hr of literacy. The terminal consequence would give pupils the chance to develop accomplishments in reading, grammar, spelling, and unwritten work and assist raise criterions in instruction and acquisition. In the undermentioned twelvemonth of September 1999 The National Numeracy Strategy model was introduced and like the literacy scheme, aimed at raising criterions for all primary students. Similar to the National Literacy Strategy it prescribed a one hr day-to-day mathematics lesson for all students. The Five Year Review in 2000 set out the chief purposes and intents of the National Curriculum for the first clip. The four chief intents of the National Curriculum are: To set up an entitlement. To set up criterions. To advance continuity and coherency. To advance public apprehension. The National Curriculum has been put into topographic point in the hope that kids will accomplish and will hold an entitlement to larning irrespective of their background, be it race, gender, cultural or otherwise.A It besides makes outlooks for kids ‘s attainment explicit for all concerned and sets out national criterions for performance.A These criterions can so be used for mark scene, mensurating advancement and monitoring patterned advance. The Foundation Stage was introduced by the Labour authorities in 2000, to supply counsel for scenes which provide attention and instruction to pre-school kids ( aged 3 to 5 ) . It was named the Foundation Stage because â€Å" †¦ it lays the foundations for kids ‘s subsequently larning. † [ Neaum and Tallack, 2002 ] . It evolved from the Rumbold Report of 1990, which investigated the educational proviso for the under 5 ‘s, and found that there was a patchy, unplanned course of study which was unsatisfactory. In 2004 a reappraisal was carried out of Key Stage 4, from this reappraisal the debut of ‘Entitlement topics ‘ . The Curriculum Entitlement Framework provides students with entree to a wider scope of larning chances suited to their demands, aptitudes and involvements, irrespective of where they live or the school they attend. In 2007 the authorities abolished formal written Key Stage 1 SATS and replaced them with instructor recorded appraisals. The Key Stage 1 appraisals are really low key and completed by the student ‘s instructor over a period of a few hebdomads so they will be barely cognizant that an appraisal is taking topographic point. In 2008 a reappraisal of Secondary National Curriculum resulted in new Key Stage 3 and 4 Curriculum which was introduced in 2009. This updated portion of the course of study now offers Diplomas and other options to current GCSE and A-level scrutinies. In 2009 the so current Labour authorities announces that Key Stage 3 Sats scrutinies are to be abolished and that Sir Jim Rose will be carry oning a full reappraisal of the Primary National Curriculum. The findings of the study will be implemented from September 2011. In May 2010 a general election was held and ‘New Conservative ‘ / Liberal Democrat authorities came to power under David Cameron and Nick Clegg. The hereafter changes to the new primary national course of study which were put frontward by Sir Jim Rose to be implemented from September 2011 have been shelved, the authorities saying that it does non mean to continue with the new primary course of study. Alternatively they are committed to giving schools more freedom from unneeded prescription and bureaucratism. They have ever made clear their purpose to do alterations to the National Curriculum that will guarantee ‘a grim focal point on the rudimentss and give instructors more flexibleness than the proposed new primary course of study offered. The National Curriculum has undergone considerable alteration and development over the past 20 old ages and is still being altered and adjusted at the present twenty-four hours. Controversy still exists as to the attack instruction should follow for those over the age of 14 testing is thought to be to a great extent based on callback of cognition promoting a deficiency of accomplishment development activities. Many of the original topics that were compulsory no longer are, as it was felt the course of study was excessively full. In my sentiment, since the debut of the National Curriculum, I believe that it was the anchor to greatly bettering the criterions of instruction that kids receive in today ‘s society. This is because before the criterion of instruction pupils received was extremely based on category position and was typically biased towards the in-between / upper category households, another factor was your vicinity in the state. Teachers besides taught a scope of topics that they wished to learn as there were no set subjects so what you could be taught varied across the state. This led to many pupils go forthing school with limited cognition. With the debut of the Literacy and Numeracy hours Sats consequences have increased once more of the subsequent old ages but once more now have slowed to a arrest. As seen in the tabular array below. But on the impudent side holding felt that on the whole the National Curriculum is effectual it is besides slightly flawed. Children are ‘taught to the trial ‘ at a hurt to other topics, and so they are losing out on a wide and balanced course of study. Schools and learning staff will besides acknowledge that they are being forced to â€Å" learn to the trial † ; cutting out topics such as history, geographics and art to blow up their place on national conference tabular arraies or else expression as if they are neglecting. The national trials besides distort kids ‘s instruction as they are being offered a restricted timetable as instructors are forced to concentrate on the nucleus topics. In a figure of schools an accent on trials in English, Mathematics and Science limits the scope of work in these topics in peculiar twelvemonth groups, every bit good as more loosely across the course of study in some primary schools. Having said this, the positive points outweighed the negative greatly as it was the start towards the National Curriculum that we presently have today.

Thoreau, New Mexico Report

Kaitlyn Willett Thoreau, New Mexico City Report Practically all residents pronounce the town's name like â€Å"thuh-roo† (similar to â€Å"through† or â€Å"threw†) and definitely not like â€Å"thorough† or â€Å"throw. † Thoreau lies along Interstate 40 and the historic U. S. Route 66. The climate in Thoreau is desert, with sparse vegetation typical of the region. Common plants include pinyon pine and juniper trees, sagebrush, tumbleweeds, and some short, sparse grasses. Summers are relatively mild, due to Thoreau's high elevation and persistently low humidity.Cold, persistent, very high winds are common in spring, usually through much of the month of March. Thoreau supports three public schools in the Gallup-McKinley County Public School District. The public school mascot is the hawk, and the school colors are green and gold. In addition to the Navajo traditional beliefs (medicine men and Native American church) the Saint Bonaventure Catholic mis sion and several Protestant denominations are also active in Thoreau, including Baptists, Latter Day Saints (Mormons), Church of Christ, Church of God, and some independent congregations.The Native American culture and history is strong in Thoreau. The Navajo Nation operates a Chapter House here, and many Navajo residents speak their native language. Thoreau is a local trading center for artisans including rug weaving, sand painting, silver making, pottery making, and turquoise jewelry making. Anasazi archaeological sites connecting with Chaco Canyon can be found in and around the town. In Thoreau, there are only 73. 7% American Indians, 13. 3% Hispanic, and 12. 9% White. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,863 people, 532 households, and 405 families. Thoreau is your typical western setting.Hot days, cold nights, and lots of sand. Rattlesnakes and lizards are commonly found just about everywhere so you have to watch your every step. Though it gets pretty hot, the wind there will knock you down. History is all throughout Thoreau. It is home to the Navajo Indians and once to the Pueblos. The Pueblo Indian ruins are found in Chaco canyon and many are still standing. But how did the Navajo make their way to New Mexico? Starting in the spring of 1864, around 9,000 Navajo men, women and children were forced on The Long Walk of over 300 miles to Fort Sumner, New Mexico. It was a failure for a combination of reasons.It was designed to supply water, wood, supplies, and livestock for 4,000–5,000 people; it had one kind of crop failure after another; other tribes and civilians were able to raid the Navajo; and a small group of Apaches had been moved there. In 1868, a treaty was negotiated that allowed the surviving Navajos to return to a reservation that was a portion of their former nation. I bet almost everyone in here has never in their life heard of Thoreau, New Mexico. But though it is not commonly heard of, it is full of history and culture. To the Navaj o Indians to the huge red mountains and cliffs, it is a town worth visiting.

Josephine Cochran, Inventor of the Dishwasher

Josephine Cochran, Inventor of the Dishwasher Josephine Cochran, whose  grandfather  was also an inventor and was awarded a  steamboat  patent,  is best known as the inventor of the dishwasher. But the history of the appliance goes back a little further. Learn more about how the dishwasher came to be and Josephine Cochrans role in its development.   Invention of the Dishwasher In 1850, Joel Houghton patented a wooden machine with a hand-turned wheel that splashed water on dishes. It was hardly a workable machine, but it was the first patent. Then, in the 1860s, L. A. Alexander improved the device with a geared mechanism that allowed the user to spin racked dishes through a tub of water. Neither of these devices was particularly effective. In 1886, Cochran proclaimed in disgust, If nobody else is going to invent a dish washing machine, Ill do it myself. And she did. Cochran invented the first practical dishwasher.  She designed the first model in the shed behind her house in Shelbyville, Illinois.  Her dishwasher was the first to use water pressure instead of scrubbers to clean the dishes. She received a patent on December 28, 1886. Cochran had expected the public to welcome the new invention, which she unveiled at the 1893  Worlds Fair, but only hotels and large restaurants were buying her ideas. It was not until the 1950s that dishwashers caught on with the general public. Cochrans machine was a hand-operated mechanical dishwasher. She founded a company to manufacture these dishwashers, which eventually became KitchenAid. Biography of Josephine Cochran Cochran was born to John Garis, a civil engineer, and Irene Fitch Garis. She had one sister, Irene Garis Ransom. As mentioned above, her grandfather  John Fitch  (father of her mother Irene) was an inventor who was awarded a  steamboat  patent. She was raised in  Valparaiso, Indiana, where she went to private school until the school burned down. After moving in with her sister in  Shelbyville, Illinois,  she married William Cochran on October 13, 1858, who returned the year before from a disappointing try at the  California Gold Rush and went on to become a prosperous dry goods merchant and  Democratic Party  politician. They had two children, a son  Hallie Cochran who died at age 2, and a daughter Katharine Cochran. In 1870, they moved into a mansion and began throwing dinner parties using heirloom china allegedly dating from the 1600s. After one event, the servants carelessly chipped some of the dishes, causing Josephine Cochran to find a better alternative.  She also wanted to relieve tired housewives from the duty of washing dishes after a meal.  She is said to have run through the streets screaming with blood in her eyes, If nobody else is going to invent a dish washing machine, Ill do it myself! Her alcoholic husband died in 1883 when she was 45 years old, leaving her with numerous debts and very little cash, which motivated her to go through with developing the dishwasher. Her friends loved her invention and had her make dishwashing machines for them, calling them Cochrane Dishwashers, later founding the Garis-Cochran Manufacturing Company.

Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch Essays

Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch Essays Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch Paper Effect of concentration of copper sulphate on the action of amylase to break down starch Paper There are two ways that we could have consumed copper sulphate. Water pipes are responsible for transporting water, and some of them are made out of copper. Copper pipes can become rusted if there is high sulphate content in the water, basic copper sulphate is precipitated which can grow through the pipe wall creating pit holes [1]. Copper sulphate is also used in some places to treat sewer lines, tree roots are constantly looking for water and organic sources and sewer lines are the perfect site for them. Tree roots will penetrate and damage the pipes which will is expensive to repair. Copper sulfate kills tree roots without killing the tree or other plants [2], therefore copper sulphate is poured into these pipes to kill the tree roots. This way there is a small chance that copper sulphate will leak into the pipes that are used for drinking. Copper sulphate can do a lot of harm to the human body, but very little has been discussed on the effect of copper sulphate on amylase, which is an enzyme that is present in human saliva and in the small intestines, therefore I want to perform an experiment to find out how the concentration of copper sulphate will affect the action of amylase. Copper sulphate Copper sulphate has the formula CuSO4 and is commonly used to control fungus diseases [17], both in agriculture and medicine. According to the Turkish Journal of Zoology (source 16), copper sulphate can inhibit the activity of amylase by 5%. Enzymes- Alpha Amylase Enzymes are biological catalyst, and a catalyst is substance which speeds ups a chemical reaction but remains unchanged itself at the end. [71] Enzymes are biological catalyst because they are globular protein molecules that are made by living cells to speed up reactions inside a living organism. There are three levels of structure of enzyme; the primary, secondary and tertiary structure. The primary structure is the order and type of amino acids that made up the chains. The secondary structure is the folding of the chains into either beta sheets or helix. The tertiary structure is the overall folding of the chains into a three dimensional, globular shape with an active site of a specific shape. Amylase is an enzyme made in the salivary gland and pancreas in the human body. They are used to break down carbohydrates, in other words starch are broken down to sugar or glucose [8]. Enzymes are sensitive to its environment, changes to the pH and temperature will affect the structure and function of enzyme, and therefore these factors have to be kept the same during the experiment. How does an enzyme work? Being a biological catalyst, enzymes work by providing an alternative pathway that has a lower activation enthalpy for reaction to take place therefore speeding up reactions without changing any other factors such as temperature and concentration. Many reactions in the body will not happen at all because the activation enthalpy is too high to reach, therefore the presence of enzymes are vital in every organisms for reactions to take place and to stay alive. The first proposed theory of how the enzyme work is called the lock and key hypothesis, where the substrate is imagined being like a key whose shape is complementary to the enzyme or lock. [72] The substrate will fit into the active site of the enzyme and will form an enzyme-substrate complex. Once this complex is formed, bonds within the substrate will be affected by the bonds in the enzyme; bonds will break and reform, ultimately forming products. The products will then leave the active site of the enzyme, leaving the enzyme free again to accept another substrate. The diagram below shows how the enzyme works. A diagram showing how enzyme works Induced fit hypothesis However this is not completely true, by using technique such as X-ray crystallography and computer assisted modeling [73], we can say that the active site is actually not a perfect fit to the substrate. So when the substrate approach the active site, either the shape of the substrate or the shape of active site will change slightly so they can fit precisely together. In addition, the active site could be modified as substrate interacts with the enzyme. The amino acids which make up the active site are moulded into precise shape which enables the enzyme to perform its catalytic function effectively [74]. The diagram below illustrates the induced fit theory, the shape is different when there is no substrate bonded to it and when there is substrate bonded to it. A diagram showing the induced fit theory Enzyme inhibition There are molecules that exist which act as enzyme inhibitors. They will disrupt the normal function of the enzyme, preventing it from working so the rate of reaction will decrease, or no reaction at all. There are two forms of inhibitions; competitive and non-competitive inhibitions. Competitive inhibition Competitive inhibitors will compete with the substrates for the active sites of the enzyme. This occur when a structure which is sufficiently similar to that of the normal substrate to be able to fit into the active site [75]. As the active site is occupied by the inhibitor, the substrate cannot bind to the active site to get catalysed, so rate of reaction is decreased. However, a competitive inhibition is usually reversible if sufficient substrate molecules are available to ultimately displace the inhibitor [12]. Non-competitive reversible inhibition The inhibitor has not got a complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme; it will bind to other parts of the enzyme instead. The binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme will have no effect on the ability of the substrate to bind to the enzyme, but it makes it impossible for catalysis to take place [76]. Unlike the competitive inhibitor, the rate of reaction will not be affected by the concentration of substrate. Non-competitive irreversible inhibition This type of inhibitor is non-competitive because it has not got a complementary shape that can fit into the active site of enzyme, so will not compete with the substrate for the active site, and the inhibition is irreversible. Heavy metal ions are typical of this type of inhibitors. They will combine permanently to the sulphydryl (-SH) groups. This could be in the active site or elsewhere [13] of the enzyme. The metal ions replace the hydrogen in -SH to form -SX. This will alter the structure and active site of the enzyme permanently, therefore enzymes can no longer catalyse the break down of starch. The diagram above shows the how heavy metal ion, in this case silver, will substitute hydrogen to form -SAg bond. This will alter the shape of active site so the substrate can no longer fit into it to get catalysed. As mentioned above, heavy metal ions are typical of this type of inhibition; copper is a heavy metal ion, so if copper sulphate does inhibit the action of amylase, I can conclude that copper sulphate is a non-competitive irreversible inhibitor. The collision theory The collision theory explains how reactions occur. Two particles can only react together if they come into contact with each other. They first have to collide, and then they may react [21]. They may react because colliding particles need to satisfy two requirements to cause a successful collision or reaction. The orientation of collision When two particles collide together, they need to have the right orientation when they come into contact for them to react. The diagram below illustrates this. There are four different orientations of collisions with enough energy for a successful collision to happen. However only collision 1 results in a successful collision, this is because it has the right orientation to collide with the bond which results in a successful collision, the particles in the other three collisions will simply bounce off each other [21]. Energy of collision The second requirement for a reaction to take place is that particles must collide with a certain minimum energy, called the activation energy [21]. Without sufficient energy, the two particles will simply bounce off each other after they collide. The activation enthalpy of a reaction is shown below. Starch and iodine solution This is a test for the presence of starch in a solution. When iodine solution is added to a solution contatining starch, a blue black colour will form. This is because the amylose, or straight chain portion of starch, forms helices where iodine molecules assemble, forming a dark blue/black color. [15] This means that when starch is being broken down by the amylase, the amylose will start break down too into smaller units, therefore losing the helics shape around the iodine molecules, the blue-black colour will then start to disappear. I can exploit this characteristic in my experiment to dertermine the end point. Using a colorimeter to monitor the light absorbance, I can determine the rate of reaction as it is the same as how quickly the solution decolourises.

The Tempest Summary for Students

The Tempest Summary for Students The Tempest, written in 1611, was the final play that Shakespeare wrote on his own. (He coauthored his last two plays- Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsman- with John Fletcher).  It is also one of only two Shakespeare plays that are entirely original. Because of those two facts, many assume that Prospero, one of the major characters in the play, is an amalgamation of Shakespeare himself. Many readers and theater aficionados believe that when Prospero gives his final farewell in the play, it is actually Shakespeare saying goodbye to his audience.  Whatever the case, The Tempest is one of Shakespeares more fantastical plays when it comes to the use of magic.  Ã‚   Plot Summary: A Magical Storm The Tempest begins on a boat, tossed about in a storm. Aboard are Alonso the King of Naples, Ferdinand (his son), Sebastian (his brother), Antonio the usurping Duke of Milan, Gonzalo, Adrian, Francisco, Trinculo, ​and Stefano. Miranda, who has been watching the ship at sea, is distraught at the thought of lost lives. The storm was created by her father, the magical Prospero, who reassures Miranda that all will be well. Prospero explains how they came to live on this island: They were once part of Milan’s nobility- he was a Duke- and Miranda lived a life of luxury. However, Prospero’s brother exiled them. They were placed on a boat, never to be seen again. Prospero summons Ariel, his servant spirit. Ariel explains that he has carried out Prospero’s orders: He destroyed the ship and dispersed its passengers across the island. Prospero instructs Ariel to be invisible and spy on them. Ariel asks when he will be freed, and Prospero tells him off for being ungrateful, promising to free him soon. Caliban: Man or Monster? Prospero decides to visit his other servant, Caliban, but Miranda is reluctant, describing him as a monster. Prospero agrees that Caliban can be rude and unpleasant but says he is invaluable to them because he collects their firewood. When Prospero and Miranda meet Caliban, readers and play-goers learn that he is native to the island, but Prospero turned him into a slave, raising issues of morality and fairness in the play. Prospero reminds Caliban that he tried to violate his daughter. Love at First Sight Ferdinand stumbles across Miranda and, much to Prospero’s annoyance, they fall in love and decide to marry. Prospero warns Miranda off and decides to test Ferdinand’s loyalty. The rest of the shipwrecked crew are celebrating their survival and grieving for lost loved ones. Alonso believes that he has lost his beloved son, Ferdinand. Caliban’s New Master Stefano, Alonso’s drunken butler, discovers Caliban in a glade. Caliban decides to worship the drunken Stefano and make him his new master in order to escape Prospero’s power. Caliban describes Prospero’s cruelty and persuades Stefano to murder him by promising that Stefano can marry Miranda and rule the island. The other shipwreck survivors have been trekking across the island and stop to rest. Ariel casts a spell on Alonso, Sebastian, and Antonio and derides them for their treatment of Prospero. Gonzalo and the others think that the spellbound men are suffering from the guilt of their past actions and promise to ensure their safety. Prospero finally concedes and agrees to the marriage of Miranda and Ferdinand and goes off to foil Caliban’s murderous plot. He orders Ariel to hang out beautiful clothes to distract the three fools. When Caliban and Stefano discover the clothes, they decide to steal them- Prospero arranges for goblins to â€Å"grind their joints. Prospero’s Forgiveness At the end of the play, Prospero has forgiven his countrymen, pardoned Caliban, and has promised to set Ariel free after he helps the ship leave the island. Prospero also breaks his magical staff and buries it, and  tosses his book of magic into the sea.  All of these things redeem his earlier behaviors and hearken back to the belief that hes not truly evil.  The last thing Prospero does in the play is to ask the audience to set him free from the island with their applause, thus leaving his future  up to the fates. Major Characters Prospero: While Prospero can be viewed as an evil character, he may simply be angry, bitter, and controlling.  The tempest that he whips up to shipwreck his countrymen is often said to be a physical manifestation of Prosperos anger.  Because he doesnt kill any of his countrymen throughout the play, and eventually forgives them,  many scholars argue that he is not evil. Miranda: Miranda represents purity, innocence, and the islands naturalness through her virginity. Prospero is obsessed with keeping her virginity intact, and ensuring that when shes finally handed over to Ferdinand, her new husband will honor and treasure her.  Miranda is often seen as a very innocent character and the antithesis of the witch Sycorax, the mother of Caliban. Caliban: Caliban is the demon son of the witch Sycorax and the devil.  Many people argue about whether he was human or monster.  Some scholars believe that Caliban is an evil character because he has tried to rape Miranda in the past, because he is the son of the  devil, and because he plots with Stefano to kill Prospero.  Others say that Caliban is merely a product of his birth and that it is not his fault who his parents were.  Many also view Prosperos mistreatment of Caliban (by making him a slave) as evil and that Caliban cannot be anything other than what he is. Ariel: Ariel, who inhabited the island long before anyone else, is a sexually ambiguous character, neither male nor female.  Sycorax imprisoned Ariel  in a tree when s/he refused to do Sycoraxs bidding because Ariel viewed her desires as evil. Prospero freed Arial, and Ariel remained faithful to Prospero the entire time the protagonist inhabited the island.  Ariel is at the core a very kind, empathetic creature, sometimes viewed as being angelic.  Ariel cares for humans and helps Prospero see the light and forgive his kinsman (even Caliban).  Without Ariel, Prospero would likely have remained a bitter, angry little man on his island forever. Major Themes The tripartite soul: One of the major themes from this play is the belief in the soul as three parts and that Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel are all a part of one person (Prospero).  Plato called this the tripartite of the soul, and it was a very commonly held belief in the Renaissance. The three factions of the soul were vegetative (Caliban), sensitive (Ariel), and rational (Ariel and Prospero).  Sigmund Freud later adopted this concept into his id, ego, and superego theory.  By this theory, Caliban represents the id (the child), Prospero the ego (the adult), and Ariel the superego (the parent).   Many plays after the 1950s have the same actor playing all three roles, and it is only when all three characters can come to the same conclusion (forgiveness) that the three factions are brought together into one person. When this happens to Prospero- when the three parts of his soul unite- he can finally move on. Master/servant relationships: In The Tempest, Shakespeare draws on master/servant relationships to demonstrate how power- and its misuse- works. In particular, control is a dominant theme: Characters battle for control over each other and the island, perhaps an echo of England’s colonial expansion in Shakespeare’s time. With the island in colonial dispute, the audience ​is asked to question who the rightful owner of the island is: Prospero, Caliban or Sycorax, the original colonizer from Algiers who performed evil deeds. Both good and evil characters use and misuse power in the play. Historical Context: Importance of Colonialism The Tempest Complutense, a Madrid-based learning website, notes that The Tempest takes place in 17th century England- a time that was contemporary with Shakespeares writing of the play- when colonialism was a dominant and accepted practice, particularly among European nations. The plot shows the deep influence of colonialism, especially in terms of Prospero’s actions: He arrives at Sycorax’s island, subdues it, and imposes his own culture on its inhabitants. Sycorax’s island can be seen as a representation of colonial America, which suffered the same subservient role as the island. The website notes: As Europeans did with the Americans, Prospero takes the power away from Caliban and treats him as an evil, ugly and deformed being, a despicable entity, who, in his eyes, is not even a human. The belief of superiority was the normal state of mind in the European nations. During Shakespeare’s times and the writing of The Tempest, colonization of America and Africa and the slave trade occurred. Around this time, the English were trying to establish their dominance in different regions of America, which were slowly coming under the rule of the British Empire. Shakespeare also seems also to have drawn on Michel de  Montaigne’s essay  Of the Cannibals, which was translated into English in 1603. The name of Prospero’s servant, Caliban, may have come from the word â€Å"Cannibal.† When picturing the storm in  The Tempest, Shakespeare may have been influenced by 1610 document, â€Å"A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia,† which described the adventures of some sailors who had returned from the Americas. Key Quotes As with all of his plays, Shakespeares The Tempest contains plenty of pithy, striking, and moving quotes. A pox o your throat, you bawling, blasphemous, incharitable dog!Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre of barren ground, long heath, broom, furze, anything. The wills above be done, but I would fain die a dry deathCanst thou remember / A time before we came unto this cell?In my false brother / awakened an evil nature, and my trust,like a good parent, did beget! of him / A falsehood in its contrary as great As my trust was, which had, indeed, no limit, / A confidence sans bound...Good wombs have borne bad sons.Hell is empty / And all the devils are here

The irony of life is that it takes a life time to learn about life Essay

The irony of life is that it takes a life time to learn about life - Essay Example Consider the example of a businessperson who puts their business before everything else, they spend or their time working, ignore their family and probably end up in terrible health since they hardly ever made time to take care of their health. Like many wealth people with his characteristics, the richer he gets the more self-entered he becomes (Grewal 1). Thirty years down the line, the same individual, is contemplating his vast business empire from his deathbed with no one to visit him expect those interested in inheriting his wealth. His critical health and poor social relations result to his being alone in his last hours, and he realizes that, the most important thing in this life is not how much money you make, but how you use it to change your life and others for the better. A clichà ©, but nonetheless, a common moral lesson that has taken him a lifetime to learn, and when he finally gets it, he has no life left in which to practice it. Considering this analogy and many similar ones that can be drawn from life the irony of it all becomes clear, stuff takes a lifetime to learn, but that is all the time anyone

Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Genetics - Essay Example This type of Down’s syndrome usually occurs in mothers who are less than 30 years of age. The Robertsonian translocation that leads to Down syndrome occurs between chromosomes 21 and 14. During meiosis, three possible pairing configurations can be observed between the 14 and 21 translocate chromosome and normal homolog (Crow and William 111). Think about how there pairings might occur and draw all possible pairing arrangements. You should draw your pairing arrangements with respect to the equator of the cell at metaphas This is because it helps us to determine whether genes are on the same or separate chromosomes. By calculating the frequency of crossing over, we obtain a measure of the map distance between the gene pairs (Crow and William 127). One genetic map unit (mu) is the distance between gene pairs for which one product of meiosis out of a hundred (100) is recombinant. 14. Perform a crossover between homologues 2 and 3 at the point indicated in the diagram below. If a second crossover occurs in the same region between the 2 genes, tell which chromatids would be involved to produce the following outcomes 15. Using the homologous chromosomes below, assume that a paracentric inversion occurs that involves genes B and C such that genes B and C are now inverted. The inversion occurs on only one homologue. During meiotic pairing of the inverted chromosome with the normal chromosome, a chiasma forms between B-C and crossing over

Art of Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Art of Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "Art of Postmodernism" discusses art in the era of postmodernism. It is known that the tendencies that dominate in society reflect in the artwork of the individuals in this era, so it is not supprising that this all of a sudden break from tradition caused a new artistic style to appear. Today we call this style Modernism. It is evident that in the art of this period there was a mass reduction in works that were produced on commission. The works were instead produced for the benefit of the individual artist for him/herself or for some kind of higher purpose. Once modernism arrived, artists started looking for a new kind of truth – the truth that was backed up by science, industry and reality. The artists’ perception of the world had drastically changed. While in the past the purpose and the characteristics of real art were universal and imperturbable. At that time various groups of artists started emerging, each with their own particular vision of art as well a s truth. For example, take Cubists such as Braque and Picasso who used the principles of geometry to break down real three-dimensional objects in order to find their true forms. A universally accepted genius Salvador Dali and his counterparts, Surrealists, directed all their efforts and talent to various subconscious experiments that opened a door to truth and real art for them. Matisse used color as his vehicle, while Cezanne was consumed by light and form. Balla and Boccioni got fully absorbed by completing Futurist manifestos.

The Factors Surrounding the Marketing of Magnetically Powered Products Research Paper

The Factors Surrounding the Marketing of Magnetically Powered Products - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the legal-political environment is very strict because of the regulations advanced by government authorities.   There are no competitors at the beginning stage because it is an innovation. The economic environment negatively affects the purchasing power of consumers if it has high inflation and low employment rates. The product appeals to different market segments, which are families, youths and the old people. The youth would go for flashy vehicles that are unique and popular. Families need safe automobiles that are cheap to maintain. The social responsibility issues are environmental sustainability and public safety. It is not ethical to manufacture vehicles that do not guarantee safety to the consumer. Global marketing can be facilitated by the internet. The internet will allow billions of people to receive information about the product. Magnetically powered automobiles can be a breakthrough in the world where environmentally friend ly sources of energy are high demand. A market research analysis is conducted to project the performance of a product when it is introduced to the market. The research analyzes the factors that are likely to affect product performance in the market. The report presents a market research for magnetically powered automobiles. The high demand for hybrid automobiles that use electric power is a clear indicator that the industry is craving for efficient sources of energy. It analyzes different marketing conditions that will influence consumers to purchase these automobiles. The marketing mix includes all the decisions that are made to facilitate the introduction of a product in the market. It is all about getting the product in the right place at the right time and with the right price. It also involves the promotion. Magnetically powered automobiles are bound to perform well because they are unique. The product meets the customers’ need for a high-efficiency vehicle that uses env ironmentally friendly energy.

An Individual Vs. Team-Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

An Individual Vs. Team-Case - Essay Example This is because it is they who analyze the market niche of a particular product and come up with the recommendations on the course of action to be taken. For instance, it is the financial analyst who studies the market situation of company’s products, establishes the competitors and strategies they adopt and recommend what the company needs to do in order to remain competitive. This position is also well paying in terms of remuneration individuals of this cadre gets. However, it is said that change is like rest and every employee would not want to stay at one role every time and again. In this case, they always tend to crave for a more demanding role as a way of growing in their career. This tends to prompt them to seek for promotion as a motivating factor. This is what may prompt a financial analyst to seek for promotion to the level of an operation manager of a company that has a more challenging role a part from the fact that it is also well paying. ... This is the case regarding the situation before us. Decision Making Successful organizations highly depend on competitive products and services to succeed in the marketplace. Wang (2011) notes that, internally, quality management decision making is vital to establish and sustain this success. Managers face a number of challenges on a daily basis, and their ability to make decisions determines how successful and their individual careers can be in the long run. Quality decision making is, therefore, a competence that every manager who is responsible must acquire and a discipline that should be practiced. All responsible managers and leaders should always be willing and able to share how they make decisions (Wang, 2011). However, the team leader is he decision maker and has to bear the final responsibility for any decision made. Nevertheless, he or she is at liberty to choose who to invite in the final decision-making process and how to guide the process in order to maximize the quality and executability regarding the final decision made. It is, however, worth noting that managerial decision making is part of a continuous journey and not a one-time event. The three critical steps that make up this journey are: observe, think and experiment. Moreover, the overall outcome of managerial decisions can be optimized through continuous improvement. It is a matter of fact that taking up a new role is something challenging – one that requires good leadership qualities and styles. This is particularly challenging in a situation where the company is operating during a â€Å"shut down.† Therefore, to bring a turnaround on the company, proper strategies need to be employed, coupled with proper decision-makings to accomplish goals. In this regard, I

The Factors Surrounding the Marketing of Magnetically Powered Products Research Paper

The Factors Surrounding the Marketing of Magnetically Powered Products - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the legal-political environment is very strict because of the regulations advanced by government authorities.   There are no competitors at the beginning stage because it is an innovation. The economic environment negatively affects the purchasing power of consumers if it has high inflation and low employment rates. The product appeals to different market segments, which are families, youths and the old people. The youth would go for flashy vehicles that are unique and popular. Families need safe automobiles that are cheap to maintain. The social responsibility issues are environmental sustainability and public safety. It is not ethical to manufacture vehicles that do not guarantee safety to the consumer. Global marketing can be facilitated by the internet. The internet will allow billions of people to receive information about the product. Magnetically powered automobiles can be a breakthrough in the world where environmentally friend ly sources of energy are high demand. A market research analysis is conducted to project the performance of a product when it is introduced to the market. The research analyzes the factors that are likely to affect product performance in the market. The report presents a market research for magnetically powered automobiles. The high demand for hybrid automobiles that use electric power is a clear indicator that the industry is craving for efficient sources of energy. It analyzes different marketing conditions that will influence consumers to purchase these automobiles. The marketing mix includes all the decisions that are made to facilitate the introduction of a product in the market. It is all about getting the product in the right place at the right time and with the right price. It also involves the promotion. Magnetically powered automobiles are bound to perform well because they are unique. The product meets the customers’ need for a high-efficiency vehicle that uses env ironmentally friendly energy.

The Al-Qaeda Terrorist Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Al-Qaeda Terrorist Organization - Essay Example The 9/11 created such a deep global impact that almost overnight, it virtually created a new breed of foreign, immigration and security policies not only of the United States but its allies as well. Al Qaeda, which means â€Å"the base’, is an international terrorist organization that was born at the heel of the Soviet retreat from Afghanistan in 1989. It was created out of the remnants of Arab participation in the Afghan resistance against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan since 1978. As the defeated Soviets left Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden created al Qaeda to maintain the roster who participated in the resistance for future jihads. When bin Laden returned to Afghanistan in 1996 after he was driven out of Sudan through American pressure, he set up training camps for the training of Islamic militants under the noses of the hospitable Taliban. The group came under public glare in 1998 when it was linked to the bombing of the US embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. It virtually became a household name, however, after the suicide attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, an incident now known as 9/11 (Robinson 17). Al Qaeda’s advantage over other terrorist groups is its global reach. It is most noted for its use of suicide terrorism directed at multiple targets simultaneously. It is believed that the purpose of al Qaeda is religious – that is, the establishment of a caliphate in the Middle East. Some quarters believed however that its motivations are political and religion is a mere front concealing a goal geared at establishing global dominion.

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Example for Free

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Abortion is one of longest debated subjects in the United States. Everyone has an opinion on it. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus to end a pregnancy. Some are pro-choice and some are pro-life. Everyone has seen the protestors on sidewalks and in front of clinics with their signs for the pro-life side. We live in the United States, where we have the right to choose; therefore Abortion is legal. Some may still consider Abortion as murder, but still woman have a right to choose what they do with their own bodies. Pro-life group feel that the women should continue the pregnancy, have the child, and either deal with it when it is born or put it up for adoption. Pro-choice group feel that women have a choice to have an abortion if the feel like that is the right option for them. This paper will discuss the argument of Pro-Choice and why it is the best option for the United States. A lot of people may disagree with the Pro-choice status, but there are many reasons why a woman should have a say in what she does with her own body. Pro-choice is best option because it keeps abortion legal in the United States. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay Obviously, there are some restrictions set in place. 32 states require a parental consent for minor undergoing an abortion. The highest percentages of women who receive abortions are Caucasians, unmarried and within the age range 0f 20 – 25. The period of most received abortions is within the first 8 weeks of gestations. Most women have abortions because a pregnancy would drastically change their lifestyle and/or they are not in a financially stable place in their life. Most abortion clinics will not perform a procedure after 8 weeks. There is now a drug called mifepristone that can be taken orally that is an alternative to a surgical procedure and most women have opted for this. This drug must be taken before 7 weeks. There is a confidentiality agreement between patients and clinics that must be signed. Mandatory counseling before and after procedures are performed. Post abortion birth control methods are discussed and put in place so abortions and unplanned pregnancies can be prevented. There are different types of birth control or a contraceptive that can suit the woman it all depends on what is best for her. The different types of options available are male/female condoms, daily pills, injections, patches, implants, vaginal rings, or abstinence. All of these things come into play when women are making the choice. (Richard, J. R. , 1994) Women choose abortion for many reasons. These reasons could make their decision painful for them, but to them they feel like this was best. Abortion could be the best option for many reasons such as, rape, incest, or health issues. If a woman has been raped she should not have to carry out such a painful reminder of what has happened to her everyday. Incest could be viewed in the same way, not only that there could be something wrong with the child. As well as health issues, such as an ectopic pregnancy, this could be a life threatening pregnancy to the woman and/or the baby so the pregnancy should be terminated. All of these are reasons that a woman should have opted for abortion, but what if she just simply is not ready for a child. Does this make her a bad person because she opts to have an abortion because she is not financially stable or whatever other reason hinders her from carrying out this pregnancy? Women can be at various stages in their life just like men can be, and they may not be ready for their whole life to be changed by pregnancy and raising a child so they opt for abortion. There are many reasons women make the decision, but no one should judge them but themselves. Many people feel as though abortion is murdering a child. They feel as though the woman who has chosen to have the abortion has taken the fetuses right to a life. Most people who are pro-life feel very adamant about the abortion subject and feel like it should be illegal in the United States. A lot of pro-life people have religious beliefs that come into play when the make their decision to become pro-life. Religious groups and Pro-life groups will lead protests outside of abortion clinics that can make some woman uncomfortable because the force their opinions on them. (Douglas, D. M. 2002) These protests are a little extreme; a woman should be able to make up their own mind in a calm environment. No matter what the side everyone is entitled to their own view and opinion, but what it all comes down to is the woman’s decision and what she decides to with her own body. Pro-life groups and religious groups are using the Laci Peterson case as a pawn in the abortion debate recently. This was brought up in the debate because of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004. This means that a person who kills a woman carrying a fetus well into pregnancy, that fetus is treated as a human in criminal proceedings. This person would be convicted of two separate crimes, one of the woman carrying the fetus and then the fetus itself. This has been brought up in the abortion debate because why is this consider murder, but abortion is not. The answer is simple, abortions cannot happen after a certain point in pregnancy. The woman choosing an abortion is dealing with her own body, making her own decision. On the other hand in a violent criminal situation as the Laci Peterson case, there was no choice here, but a man killing an innocent woman who happened to be very pregnant and she did not make that choice. â€Å"To take away the woman’s right to choose could result in destroying the woman’s life, thereby ruling that the fetus is more important than the woman† (Planned Parenthood). This cannot be compared to abortion in anyway whatsoever. Abortion is such a controversial issue in the United States. It is almost like a cuss word that should not be brought up at the dinner table. It is always a hot topic for political and Presidential candidates. It is definitely something that is a complicated subject here in our society. Abortion gets so much scrutiny, but why. People have the choices to get all kinds of crazy plastic surgeries that puts their life in danger while â€Å"under the knife† so to speak. Why shouldn’t a woman have the option to do what she wants with her body? It is her body and no one else’s. Obviously there should be some certain humane ways to do these things and safety precautions, but if she is not ready for a child or for whatever reason is hindering her from carrying out this pregnancy it’s no one else’s business but her own and her doctor’s. Yes some may not agree with that woman’s decision, but it was her decision. People disagree about things all the time, and this will just have to be another. Deontology would solves this ethical issue of Pro-choice versus Pro-life. â€Å"Deontology is the study of moral obligation and necessity, finding the source of ethical correctness in the rules according to which one acts. It rejects utilizing the results or consequences of an act to evaluate an act as moral; thus it is a non-consequentialist theory† (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary). Basically it means that this is what the person or woman feel she has to do, like she is out of options. Yet, utilitarianism could also apply here as well because if the abortions are going to bring about the greatest goods for the woman then it is best. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines the moral value of an act in terms of its results and if those results produce the greatest good for the greatest number. As consequential theory, it is contrasted with non-consequentialist theories† () Basically if the outcome will provide the greatest amount of good to everyone it affects then it is best. Emotivism could not solve this issue because the woman is a subject of judgment no matter which choice she chooses whether it be abortion or not. â€Å"Emotivism is the perspective on ethics that moral evaluations are merely expressions of approval and disapproval, and that ethics is constituted solely by these expressions† (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary). Abortion is a heated debate that has continued across the United States and will continue probably for years to come. Pro-choice is the best choice for The U. S. because it keeps abortion legal in the States even f the controversy rages on. Women have a right to chose what they do with their own bodies no matter what their reasoning. They should not be judged for their decisions either. Their decision to have an abortion is for the greatest good or because they are out of options in their own lives. Therefore Pro-choice and legal abortion should continue in the United States.

History and Hypothesis of Stonehenge and Easter Island

History and Hypothesis of Stonehenge and Easter Island Stonehenge is a set of earthworks and an ancient monument located in Wiltshire, England. It is considered the most famous and visited site in the world and is one of the mysteries in the world which has never been revealed. However, many people have created numerous myths and fables to explain mysteries behind it. Despite the numerous myths and fables, there has been limited information regarding Stonehenges creation/development. Most researchers and theorists refer to it as a stone monument, a giant or ancient megalith. Archeologist Mike Parker Pearson has proposed a number of hypothesis regarding Stonehenge and its surrounding. He indicated that Stonehenge was used as a burial ground from historical beginnings. In other words, Stonehenge represented a place of the dead. The cremated remains found at the site acted as evidence and they indicated that burials took place at the site as early as 3000 BC (Gargen 112). Mike Pearson further indicated that the placement of artifacts and graves around Stonehenge provided good evidence that the site was reserved as a domain of the dead. New radiocarbon dates of human remains dug from the ancient Stonehenge in Southwest England indicate that the monument was used as a cemetery. Initially, archeologists had believed that Stonehenge had acted as burial grounds as early as 2700 and 2600 BC (Gargen 114). People buried at Stonehenge were believed to have been the elite of the surrounding society; an early royal British dynasty. This hypothesis appears to be scientific due to the evidence provided by new radio carbon dates of human remains found in the monument. Parker Pearson also held the hypotheses that Stonehenge was a centre for ancestor worship that was connected by River Avon and two other ceremonial avenues to a matching wooden circle near Durrington Walls. The reason as to why he held the hypotheses is due to the large settlements of houses found nearby Stonehenge. This reinforced his belief that both the settlement and Stonehenge created a part of a large ancient ceremonial complex. He went ahead and indicated that the two circles with permanent and temporary structures made a clear representation of the living and the dead domains respectively. He also pointed out that the orientation of the stone circle pointed to sunrise and sunset on key seasonal dates which clearly indicated it was a place of ceremony. On his hypotheses, Mike Pearson stated that Stonehenge was not a monument in isolation; rather it was actually one of a pair implying that it was made of both stone and timber. The theory behind this is that Stonehenge is a type of spirit home to the ancestors. This hypothesis appears to be pseudo-scientific since there is no scientific evidence behind it. Reference Gargen, Josphath. Theories behind Stonehenge. 2nd ed. New York: New York Press, 2003. 2 B) Describe the basic cultural features and evolution of the Mound building Cultures of Eastern North America (and especially distinguishing between the Woodland and Mississippian Cultures), and explain why they were attributed to a lost race by nineteenth century scholars. It is believed that mould builders were greatly involved in building of earth works as well as mounds. The ceremonial and burial structures were characteristically flat topped pyramids or flat topped cones and at some times a variety of other forms. Some mounds took after unusual shapes such as the sketch of cosmologically significant animals and were branded effigy mounds name. Monks mound is one of the best known flat topped pyramidal earthen ware at Cahokia, while Serpent mound found in southern Ohio is 5 feet tall, 1330 feet long and 20 feet wide takes the shape of a serpent (Ian 86). The mound builders included numerous different tribal groups and chiefdoms that held unto a bewildering collection of beliefs and exclusive cultures which were united together by the shared architectural practice of mound construction. The initial mould building was an early marker of just beginning political and social complexity among the cultures in the Eastern United States. Woodlands culture: a prehistoric culture of eastern North America dates back in the 1st century. It is used to refer to Native American societies staying in eastern United States. Adena and Hopewell were the earliest woodland groups who inhabited Mississippi river valleys and Ohio between 800 BC and 800 AD. Adena and Hopewell are commonly known for their massive burial mounds, often modified with finely crafted grave items. Initially, Adena were hunters and gatherers while Hopewell lived in villages. The Mississippian culture was developed around 700 A.D. It was developed by a population of farmers who practiced agricultural farming and planted crops such as corns, beans and squash. They also engaged in a day to day hunting. Mississippian culture was initially a mound building Native American culture. However, from approximately 800 CE to 1500 CE, it greatly flourished in what is commonly known as Eastern, Midwestern and Southeastern United States (Ian 76). Mississippian culture is considered different from the woodland culture on the basis that the Mississippian mounds appear to be rectangular or square, large, flat topped, mesa like platforms on which temples or houses were built. On the other hand, the woodland mounds are conical, earthen structures covering burials in which marvelously carved stone pipes and mica cutouts that are found along with skeletal remains. In addition, burial mounds were dominant during the woodland period (100 B.C. to 400 A.D.), while temple mounds predominated during the Mississippian period (1000 AD). Both Mississippian and woodland cultures were attributed to as a lost race by the 19th century scholars due to the fact that the new euro-American settlers were not willing to accept the fact that the mounds had been built by the Native American People. They were therefore displacing and destroying most of the mounds so as to plow away evidence. Consequently, the cultures came along as a lost race in America. Reference Ian, Bridgeston. The Mould Building Cultures. California: Anvil Press, 2000. 3B) Describe the history of Easter Island as it has been reconstructed by archaeologists; is this history a useful metaphor for the Earth? Is it similar or different from what happened in to other civilizations, and what can be learned from studying it? Easter Island, also known as Rapa Nui is one of the worlds famous but least visited archeological sites located in the Pacific Ocean. The island is mostly famous due to its 887 existing monumental statues (moai) which were created by Rapanui people. It is a tiny, currently treeless, hilly Island of volcanic nature; rising over 10,00ft from the floor of Pacific Ocean. Peterson (23), states that Easter Island is among the youngest inhabited territories in the world, and a larger part of its history is that it was one of the most isolated inhabited territory. Easter Island was discovered three hundred years ago by European explorers amidst the large space in South Pacific Ocean. Dutch explorer, Jacob Roggeveen rediscovered it on Easter day in 1722, hence the acquisition of its name; Easter Island. During that time, the Island was inhabited by a populace of Polynesian origin who had arrived from Marquesas Islands many centuries earlier. This has been proven by the DNA extracts that were collected from the location. It is also believed that the inhabitants had come in with various plants, foods, tools and animals such as bananas, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, pigs, and chickens among others so as to start a new life. Archeologists hold that there were three cultures which lived on Easter Island around 400 AD. During this time, the island was inhabited by people who specialized in making small stone statues. After some time, another civilization broke down the statues and greatly used them to construct long temple platforms known as ahus. They also carved 600 plus enormous stone busts taking the form of human beings and placed them on the ahus. It is believed that approximately 15 statues are still held by some ahus. Archeological evidence indicates a fast destruction of the forests within a few centuries after the arrival of human beings. This played a major role in the reduction of forests and plantation in the island. The society played a role in the reduction of forests and plantations since they cleared land to plant grasses, cut down trees to construct canoes, they had also come in with rats which devoured the seeds. By the end of fifteenth century, the entire forest had disappeared, the fruits had died out and tree species were extinct. The extermination of the animals in the Island was as thorough as that of the forest. All species of native land birds became extinct and the shellfish were exploited. This led to the collapse of Easter Islands society. The history of Easter Island is a useful metaphor of the planet earth. The lesson obtained from Easter Island was that inequality and scarcity of crucial resources played a great role in occurrence of genocide. Consequently, a social collapse of the society living in the island took place. David (43), states that during the 7th century, around 50 people arrived on Easter Island and increased to more than 70,000 by 17th century. Reference David, Myer. The history of Easter Island. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge Press. 4) Stonehenge as an ancient centre of healing This appears to be an interesting topic since Stonehenge is commonly known as a burial site among the archeologists. However, Tim Darvil and Geoff Wainwright have come up with the evidence that the monument acted as a centre of healing. Margaret (57), states that massive numbers of Britons flocked at the sight with the aim of curing their diseases and healing present injuries. Many inhabitants believed that the stone found at the site had magical and healing qualities which greatly attracted numerous pilgrims to the site. A mans Remains at approximately five miles from Stonehenge were discovered by the two archeologists. The remains collected indicated that the man had a knee cap infection and a severe tooth eruption. This was therefore used as strong evidence by the two archeologists and they came up with the theory that the man may have died on his way to the healing grounds (Stonehenge). In addition, a skeleton analysis which was found three miles from the monument indicated that the man had travelled a long distance and was suffering from a potentially deadly dental disease. It was therefore concluded that he had travelled that long distance as a way of searching for the stones associated with the healing power. Most archeologists remain adamant that the site and the surrounding area were majorly used as a burial ground. To back their healing hypothesis, Darvill and Wainwright studied the blue stones found at the site and which were believed to have been there since 2400 BC and 2200 BC. Having studied 14 samples of organic material such as the bone in the trench and carbonized plant remains, they indicated that it was good evidence that the grounds provided excellent healing grounds to the community. The blue stone study undermines the main theory suggested by Mike Parker Pearson that the monument acted primarily as burial grounds and ancestral site where people held ceremonies and offered sacrifices to the ancestors. Other significant discoveries from the dig have been made at the monument.   A series of small stones broken down from the larger standing ones were discovered and the archeologists believed that the stones were used as lucky charms. This provided the evidence that the ancient people believed in the healing properties of the stones. The archeologists also believed that the blue stones had numerous healing properties since there were a number of sacred springs in Preseli which were considered to have health giving qualities. The two archeologists also quoted the 12th century Monk indicating that the stones were thought to have medicinal property. The evidence uncovered by their digs portrayed that people were chipping and moving off pieces of the bluestones through the roman era through the middle ages. In relation to the discoveries made concerning Stonehenge, it can be concluded that Stonehenge is a popular and powerful place of pilgrimage. However, there is no support that the monuments healing power really worked. Reference Margaret, Katherine. The mystery behind Stonehenge. Harvard: Harvard Press, 2002.

Sophocles Antigone - Antigone Must Challenge Creon Essay -- Antigone

Antigone Must Challenge Creon in Antigone    In his "Funeral Oration" Pericles, Athens's leader in their war with other city-states, rallies the patriotism of his people by reminding them of the things they value. He encourages a sense of duty to Athens even to the point of self-sacrifice. He glorifies the free and democratic Athenian way of life and extravagantly praises those willing to die for it. In Antigone, Creon, Thebes's leader in their recent civil war, also must rally the patriotism of his people. While he, too, praises the loyalty of his people, he does two other things to rally the citizens: he emphasizes his own qualifications for leadership, and he reminds them what happens to traitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Creon speaks to his people at the beginning of Antigone because he is now the only ruler of Thebes, and he wants them to be loyal to him. He knows there's a chance they might not have faith in him because in Oedipus the King he claimed to be content to leave the active leadership to others. Also, he's not next in line to be the king after Laius, the late, beloved king. Even more important is the fact that Laius's grandchildren, Oedipus's sons Eteocles and Polynices, ended up on opposite sides of a war over Thebes. Some Thebans were probably loyal to Eteocles, but others may have been sympathetic to Polynices, who tried to take the throne away from his brother. Now Creon, the new leader, will have the best chance for success if he gets the people to forget about Oedipus and the terrible time of his rule, and about Oedipus's sons and the rebellion that divided their country. Although he does praise the Thebans for respecting the royal house of Laius, saying, "your loyalty was unshakable" (line 187), he wants them to reali... ...ells trouble for the city's future and for his own success. Sometimes he sounds harsher and more threatening than Pericles did, but the problem of unifying people after a war between brothers is more difficult than unifying people to fight outsiders (which is what Pericles had to do). After all, Pericles can praise all the Athenians who died for their city's sake in the Peloponnesian War, but Creon can't praise all the Thebans who died in this battle. His idea for unifying Theban citizens behind him is to focus attention on himself as an example of everything they admire, and to show them the terrible consequences for disloyalty. Given the situation, I see this as an admirable goal, but I can also see why it's inevitable that Antigone, the strong-minded daughter of Oedipus and the sister of Polynices, will see Creon as arrogant and will challenge his rule.      

Capital Budgeing Case Study Essay

There are at least six capital budgeting tools a firm can use in analyzing a capital expenditure. They are: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI), payback period (PB), discounted payback period (DRP), and modified internal rate of return (MIRR). This case study will focus mainly on NPV and IRR, in addition to the remaining four capital budgeting tools. Net Present Value (NPV) The NPV of an investment proposal for a project is the same as the† present value of its annual free cash flows less the investment’s initial outlay† (Keown, Martin & Petty, p. 310, 2014). Before calculating the NPV you must first forecast the projected revenue for the life of the project to obtain the net cash flow figures. This involves accountants and analysts crunching numbers based on many factors such as the economy, supply and demand, competition, and how the company plans on carrying out the project (University of Phoenix, 2013). NPV looks at the present value of the benefits minus the present value of the costs. You also need a discount rate; it is normally the cost of capital. The cost of capital is used because a firm wants the project to at a minimum make more than what capital is now costing the firm to run its business. The rule for NPV is if the value is greater than or equal to zero the project is accepted (Keown, Martin & Petty, p. 310, 2014). After completing a five year projected income statement and a five year projected cash flow from the capital budgeting case study for corporation A and B, this information was used to calculate the NPV for each corporation. Corporation A’s NPV= $2,025 and B’s is NPV= $3,293. Both NPV’s are equal or greater than zero so both projects are a go, but corporation B has a greater NPV, making it a better choice if based on NPV alone (University of Phoenix, 2013). Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Critical Analysis on Sonnet 12 by William Shakespeare Essay

William Shakespeare wrote a group of 154 sonnets between 1592 and 1597, which were compiled and published under the title Shakespeare’s Sonnets in 1609. Our attention will focus on sonnet 12, a remarkable and poignant poem about the relentless passing of time, the fading beauty, immortality, death and Old Age, these subjects being typical of all Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Time is omnipresent in everyone’s life, just passing and passing inexorably, relentlessly, so unstoppable. It is a universal problem : people have always been very worried about time, trying to gain some, or angry they have lost this precious element. Moreover, â€Å"Time is Money†, maxim born in the business sector, is now an adage applied in all matter. But still, it is not possible to lose or gain time : it is above people, nobody has control on it. This is what Shakespeare tells us in this sonnet. Shakespeare’s sonnets don’t have a specific title, only named by a number. Here, it is 12, and surely this number has not been given by chance, being a way to refer to time : the twelve hours of a day, the twelve hours of a night. What is more, just by hearing it, without understanding the words, it is possible to guess that it is about time. Shakespeare has used an iambic pentametre, which the alternation of strong and weak rhythms reproduces the ticking of the clock, displaying the passing of time. Furthermore, the way in which the meaning of the line finishes with the line itself, with punctuation such as comma and semi-colon at the end of each line, is like the inexorable motion of a pendulum as it beats from side to side. The fact that each line contains ten syllables contributes as well to this idea of regularity and time. We should also mention the presence of alliterations like c and t line 1 (count, clock, that, tells, time), imitating the ticking of the clock, and the repetition of consonants like p line 3 (past, prime), or s and g line 7 (summer’s, green, girded, sheaves), b line 8 (borne, bier, bristly, beard), without forgetting the sibilance line 11 (since, sweets, beauties, themselves, forsake). These alliterations slow down the sonnet and give it a measured rhythm, drawing the reader in an infernal cycle, in a lethargic state. We can observe the way the subject is developed by looking at the two main phases in this sonnet : the first eight lines are a phase of observation, study : we perceive how nature fades and dies, how time passes, as nothing can be done against it. But then, in the second part, Shakespeare opens up his past observation – that was on nature – in an examination based on humans. Nevertheless, these two phases are very similar, offering the same message to the reader : time is devastating and invincible. But before presenting these two main phases, we should not forget to precise that in each of these parts, a narrator appears, speaking at the first person, thanks to the pronoun â€Å"I†, line 1, 3, 5 and 9. The question coming immediately in our mind is who is hiding behind this â€Å"I† and who is this â€Å"I† addressing to ? I do not know whether Shakespeare has created a character, or if he is really expressing his point of view through the sonnet, but if he does so, we can observe that he adopts a different opinion in sonnet 18. Therefore, in sonnet 18, he promises his addressee he will be immortalized through the sonnet itself : â€Å"so long lives this, and this gives life to thee†, while in sonnet 12, he believes procreation to be the only way to live forever : â€Å"save breed to brave him when he takes thee hence†. Officially, the first 156 sonnets are addressed to a dear young man, fading somewhat the romantic image all people have about Shakespeare and his works. Now that we have talked about the sender and the receiver, let us concentrate on the different images, symbols and statements delivering the message. The first part of this poem describes nature. Indeed, the narrator is exposed counting the clock chimes – giving by the way an audible sound to the reader -, and the narrator appears very passive and resigned : he seems to know that time cannot be fought, waiting for it to pass, in a submissive manner. In the same way, the day looks already defeated, but it tries, unlike the â€Å"I†, to fight, as suggest the adjective â€Å"brave†, introducing a notion of combat. However, this is not the only meaning of this word, brave being polysemic : it has almost a visual significance, evoking brightness and gallantry. Thus, Shakespeare joins an attracting adjective to the â€Å"day†, to  finally make it appear even more vulnerable and pathetic, thanks to â€Å"hideous night†. This opposition between â€Å"brave day† and â€Å"hideous night† emphasizes the day’s weakness against the night, literally sinking in the night. This verb, sink, represents a long action and gives us the idea that we cannot discern the limits between day and night, we cannot point out â€Å"this is day†, â€Å"this is night†. It is something we are not aware of, we cannot see happening, until night has completely taken the place. This domination and hopeless fight could imply, by extension, that any struggle in life is a useless task. The violet is also under time control : it is once at its prime state, at springtime best, being emblematic of Spring and new growth, but then soon fades and dies. Here is presented the decaying of nature and furthermore of human, as violet is like a human being : once at its prime, then dying. Shakespeare presents us the same kind of image in the next line, describing sable curls, namely dark hair, having turned white due to the age. This word sable brings nobility, rarity and softness to the curls, but then is even more put down – as it is more precious -, by the whiteness. Behind this description, it is the youth coming to old age which is depicted. â€Å"Barren of leaves†, line 6 indicates us what period the poem is describing : the autumn, season of death and sadness. The trees, which used to be tall and majestic : â€Å"lofty†, are now leafless : all that remains are bare branches. Shakespeare is also suggesting that they are useless, while they used to have a significant role : to protect the herd from the heat of the sun. Thus, it suggests again the fact that everybody, even the more majestic one, will fade one day, that the destructive process of age does not forget anyone, and that old people are useless. We can discover another image insisting on the idea that the passing of time leaves you with nothing, line 7 and 8. By an agricultural image : the sheaves of corn growing during the summer and being tied carried away on a bier, Shakespeare actually represents death – the final stage -, with the sheaves in the coffin which can be associated with an old person in a coffin : â€Å"white and bristly beard†. All these images denoting Nature have actually been used as examples to illustrate Shakespeare’s views on time and the human being. In a second phase, the sonnet expresses the idea of human beauty fading as the time  passes, but also of the renewable cycle, of a continuous mutation, of the constant presence of a next generation. Basically, there is no way escaping â€Å"Time’s scythe† line 13, except having children. Another important subject in this poem, besides linked up with time, is immortality. It is possible to feel how this relentless passing of time is a very serious issue for the narrator, affecting his mind, as he is trying to find a solution to this problem. Thus, we get aware of the consequences of time, making people grow old : â€Å"white and bristly beard† line 8 ; â€Å"since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake† line 11. The narrator draws our attention on the infernal cycle of life : â€Å"and die as fast as they see others grow† line 12, and probably wants to denounce the sentiment of immortality all young people have in themselves, thinking they will always stay young and have their whole life in front of them forever. Being a teenager, I have this feeling too : how could I imagine, being fifteen, that I will be seventy one day ? However, like Shakespeare suggests in this sonnet, life is a cycle, people dying as fast as others grow. The solution offe red here in the rhyming couplet is to have children to be immortal. One must admit that the narrator is absolutely right, children representing a source of youth, and a way of printing his foot on the earth. By giving birth to a child, people are sure they will live in someone’s mind forever, and be mentioned as the time passes by the family, thanks to genealogical trees for instance. Moreover, parents bring up their children in their way : they pass values and rules on to them, but also a name and a way of thinking and living. However, it cannot be denied that there are other methods to remain alive, to immortalize his existence on earth, like accomplishing a great action – good or bad – or writing an autobiography. I have liked this sonnet very much, for the form represents and illustrates the meaning in a brilliant way. It was also very interesting to, step by step, analyze this poem to finally have a good understanding of it, while it was almost incomprehensible at first. Death, the passing of time, the Old Age and the desire of immortality are universal themes which touched everybody, and have, them, crossed the time.